Government articles
What is subsidized housing? | Episode 3 of Just the Facts: Do You Qualify?
JUST THE FACTS · 7:36M
All about taxes
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) came with some big tax changes. When do they take effect and what's the tax story so far? Here's your one stop shop for everything taxes.
How much debt does the US have?
The US has $39.2 trillion in debt as of May 2026. The federal government borrows money when its spending and investments cannot be funded by federal revenue alone; this debt enables the government to pay for programs and services when funds aren’t immediately available.
Is Social Security running out?
The SSA projects Social Security trust fund reserves may be depleted by 2034, with Old-Age and Survivors Insurance running out as early as late 2032.
Why don’t people vote?
Eighteen million registered voters didn't cast a ballot in 2024. What was their reason?
Just the Facts about the federal budget
Steve talks about the federal budget, including how the government makes money (namely, income taxes) and how revenue collection and spending decisions impact the US federal deficit and debt, military spending, and American daily life.
How big is the US national debt?
In this episode of Just the Facts, Steve Ballmer breaks down the data behind America’s national debt using official U.S. government sources. The US national debt now exceeds $38 trillion, the highest level in history. But that number alone doesn’t explain what the debt is, how it grew, or what it means for the economy.
Breaking down government finances: federal, state, and local
In this episode of Just the Facts, Steve Ballmer breaks down how government responsibilities and spending are divided across federal, state, and local governments in the United States, using official government data. With nearly 91,000 government entities nationwide, understanding who does what — and who pays for it — is more complicated than it might seem.
How much money does the US federal government collect?
About $5.26 trillion in fiscal year (FY) 2025. This is about $15,400 per person in the US, however individual contributions vary based on income, spending, and other factors. Government revenue is the total amount of money received from individual and corporate taxes, and other sources that are used to pay for government spending.
What is Medicaid and how many Americans use it? | Episode 2 of Just the Facts: Do You Qualify?
JUST THE FACTS · 7:15M
How does the government help low-income students? | Episode 5 of Just the Facts: Do You Qualify?
JUST THE FACTS · 9:34M
What cash assistance does the government provide? | Episode 6 of Just the Facts: Do You Qualify?
JUST THE FACTS · 7:16M
How do SNAP benefits impact food insecurity? | Episode 4 of Just the Facts: Do You Qualify?
JUST THE FACTS · 9:17M
How much foreign aid does the US provide overall?
About $85.8 billion in aid was obligated for fiscal year (FY) 2024, the most recent fully-reported year. Another $46.1 billion has been reported for FY 2025, and $4.31 billion was reported for FY 2026.
What does the Department of Transportation (DOT) do?
The Department of Transportation (USDOT, DOT) is a cabinet-level executive branch agency responsible for overseeing national transportation systems and infrastructure. Its functions include developing and implementing federal transportation policies; ensuring the safety and efficiency of highways, railroads, air travel, and maritime transport; and administering funding for transportation projects including local transit systems. It was established in 1966.
How much US government debt is owned by other countries?
As of March 2026, about 23.9% of US government debt, or $9.35 trillion, is owned by other countries. When the federal government spends more money than it collects in revenue, it sells US Treasury securities to bring in cash and pay for the difference. People, governments, corporations, and investment funds like retirement accounts — both US and international — can purchase these.
Are abortion pills banned in the US?
Mifepristone and other abortion pills are banned in 13 states, with few exceptions. They are legal in 37 states and Washington, DC.
How are public schools in the US funded?
Public schools are funded primarily from state and local governments. In the 2022–2023 school year, the most recent year of available data, about 45.1% of public school funding came from state sources like income and retail taxes, and another 42% came from local sources like property taxes. The federal government provided the remaining 12.9%, often through programs like Title I or IDEA that are aimed at supporting specific student needs. Altogether, public schools received $981.8 billion in funding, or $19,900 per student.
What is the money supply, and how does it relate to inflation?
How much money is there? The Federal Reserve keeps track.
How much federal money goes toward all state and local governments?
The federal government provided $1.22 trillion to state and local governments in fiscal year (FY) 2025. This total includes money transferred to states, tribal governments, and local governments, such as cities and counties. Federal funding helps state and local governments pay for things like infrastructure, education, and health care for low-income people. In FY 2025, these transfers made up 17% of all federal spending.
How much does the federal government spend on SNAP every year?
The federal government spent $101.7 billion on SNAP during fiscal year (FY) 2025. That’s 1.4% of all federal spending. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), once known as the Food Stamp program, is administered by the Department of Agriculture providing food assistance to low-income people.
Everything you need to know about a government shutdown
The impacts of government shutdowns include furloughed employees, reductions in services, closed parks and museums, and much more.
How many people receive SNAP benefits in the US every month?
About 42.1 million people received SNAP benefits during fiscal year (FY) 2025. That’s 12.3% of the US population. Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is determined based on household income levels. SNAP, once known as the Food Stamp program, is administered by the Department of Agriculture providing food assistance to low-income individuals.
How do marijuana laws differ between states?
As of April 2026, recreational cannabis is legal in 24 states and Washington, DC, while medical marijuana has been legalized in an additional 16 states.
How much do you pay in gas taxes?
Gas prices are nearing $6.00 a gallon in some parts of the US, while other regions pay over two dollars less at the pump. How much are taxes adding to the equation?
What percentage of public school funding in the US comes from the federal government?
About 12.9% or one in every eight dollars of public school funding came from the federal government during the 2022–23 school year. Local and state governments typically provide most school district funding, with the federal government providing in the rest. Federal sources provide as little as 0% and as much as 88.2% of funding, depending on the district. Federal funding depends on factors such as poverty levels and other student demographics, availability of state and local revenues, and whether a district is urban, suburban, or rural. During 2022–23, which is the latest year of data available, public schools received $126.4 billion, or $2,558 in federal funds per student.
What does the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) do?
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is a subdivision of the Department of Agriculture responsible for protecting and promoting US agricultural health, regulating genetically engineered organisms, administering the Animal Welfare Act, and carrying out wildlife damage management activities. APHIS works to ensure the health and care of animals and plants, in relation to the economy and public health. It was established in 1972.
What does the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) do?
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is a national institution dedicated to the documentation, study, and interpretation of Holocaust history. The museum's primary mission is to advance and disseminate knowledge about this history, and educate citizens and leaders to confront hatred and prevent genocide. The museum was established in 1993. The Council that founded it, the United States Holocaust Memorial Council, was established by Congress in 1980.
What does the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) do?
The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) is a subdivision of the Department of the Interior responsible for overseeing the safe and environmentally responsible development of the nation's offshore energy resources. The agency enforces safety and environmental regulations, conducts inspections, and ensures compliance with federal laws to prevent oil spills and other hazards. It also promotes the use of best practices and technologies to enhance safety and environmental protection. It was established in 2011.
What does the Office of Community Planning and Development (CPD) do?
The Office of Community Planning and Development (CPD) is a subdivision of the Department of Housing and Urban Development responsible for promoting viable communities by providing decent housing and a suitable living environment and expanding economic opportunities for low- and moderate-income persons.
What does the Risk Management Agency (RMA) do?
The Risk Management Agency (RMA) is a subdivision of the Department of Agriculture responsible for helping farmers and ranchers manage their business risks. The agency provides crop insurance to protect against agricultural production losses due to natural disasters. It was established in 1996.
What does the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) do?
The Employment and Training Administration (ETA) is a subdivision of the Department of Labor responsible for providing job training, and labor market information to prospective job seekers. The agency aims to strengthen the workforce. It offers programs and initiatives to support job seekers, employers, and communities in achieving economic stability and growth. It was established in its current form in 1975.
What does the House of Representatives (HOUSE) do?
The House of Representatives (the House) is one of two chambers of the legislative branch responsible for creating and passing federal laws. It has 435 voting members, each representing a district within one of the 50 states. Members serve two-year terms and can be re-elected an unlimited number of times. As one of the chambers of Congress, the House introduces and votes on bills, drafts budget and appropriatons legislation, conducts investigations, and initiates impeachment proceedings against federal officials. It was established in 1789.
What does the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) do?
The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) is a subdivision of the Department of Transportation responsible for ensuring the safe and secure movement of hazardous materials through the nation. It was established in 2005.
What does the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) do?
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is a subdivision of the Department of Health and Human Services responsible for improving the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of healthcare for all Americans. The agency conducts research to provide evidence-based information on healthcare outcomes, quality, cost, use, and access. It also develops tools and resources to help healthcare providers and policymakers make informed decisions. It was established in 1989.
What does the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) do?
The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) is a subdivision of the Department of Commerce responsible for advising the president on telecommunications and information policy issues. It was established in 1978.
What does the Rural Housing Service (RHS) do?
The Rural Housing Service (RHS) is a subdivision of the Department of Agriculture responsible for providing financial assistance and support to improve housing and infrastructure in rural areas. It was established in 1994.
What does the Maritime Administration (MARAD) do?
The Maritime Administration (MARAD) is a subdivision of the Department of Transportation responsible for the waterborne transportation system of the United States. It oversees the US merchant marine and supports national defense and economic needs. It was established in 1950.
What does the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) do?
The Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) is a subdivision of the Department of Justice responsible for adjudicating immigration cases by interpreting and administering immigration laws. The agency conducts immigration court proceedings, appellate reviews, and administrative hearings. It aims to ensure the fair and uniform application of immigration laws. It was established in 1983.
What does the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) do?
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is a subdivision of The Executive Office of the President responsible for assisting the President in overseeing the preparation of the federal budget and supervising its administration in Executive Branch agencies. The OMB evaluates the effectiveness of agency programs, policies, and procedures, assesses competing funding demands among agencies, and sets funding priorities. It also ensures that agency reports, rules, testimony, and proposed legislation are consistent with the President's budget and administration policies. It was established in 1970.
What does the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) do?
The Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) is a subdivision of the Department of the Interior responsible for providing quality education opportunities from early childhood through life in accordance with a tribe's needs for cultural and economic well-being. It was established in 2006.
What does the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) do?
The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) is a subdivision of the Department of Agriculture responsible for providing statistics in service to national agriculture. It was established in 1863.
What does the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) do?
The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is a subdivision of the Department of Commerce responsible for advancing US national security, foreign policy, and economic objectives by ensuring an effective export control and treaty compliance system. The agency controls which sensitive goods and technologies can be sold or shared abroad. It makes sure companies follow international arms control rules and works to stop the spread of weapons of mass destruction. It was established in it's current form in 2002. Prior to then, it was known as the Bureau of Export Administration.
What does the Science and Technology Directorate (ST) do?
The Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) is a subdivision of the Department of Homeland Security responsible for providing the department science and technology support. The directorate conducts research, development, testing, and evaluation of technologies and capabilities to counter threats and enhance security. It was established in 2003.
What does the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) do?
The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is an independent federal agency responsible for regulating, chartering, and supervising federal credit unions across the United States. Its primary mission is to ensure the safety and soundness of credit unions and protect the interests of their members. The NCUA administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF), which insures deposits at federally insured credit unions. It was established in 1970.
What does the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) do?
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is a subdivision of the Department of the Treasury responsible for administering and enforcing the nation’s tax laws. It processes tax returns, collects federal taxes, issues refunds, and ensures compliance through audits and enforcement actions. The agency also provides guidance and assistance to help individuals and businesses understand and meet their tax obligations. It was established in 1862.
What does the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) do?
The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) is an independent agency responsible for overseeing and regulating Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Federal Home Loan Banks. The agency's primary mission is to ensure that these entities operate in a safe and sound manner, providing a reliable source of liquidity and funding for housing finance and community investment. It was established in 2008 as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act.
What does the Smithsonian Institution (SI) do?
The Smithsonian Institution (SI) is a government entity responsible for preserving cultural heritage and sharing art, history, and culture with the American people and the world. It is a complex comprising 21 museums, 14 education and research centers, and the National Zoo. It was established in 1846.
What does the United States Parole Commission (USCP) do?
The United States Parole Commission (USPC) is a subdivision of the Department of Justice responsible for overseeing the parole process for federal prisoners. The agency evaluates the suitability of inmates for parole, sets conditions for parole, and supervises parolees to ensure compliance with the terms of their release. It also has the authority to revoke parole if conditions are violated. The USPC aims to promote public safety by facilitating the reintegration of offenders into society while ensuring they adhere to legal and rehabilitative standards. It was established in 1976.
What does the Economic Development Administration (EDA) do?
The Economic Development Administration (EDA) is a subdivision of the Department of Commerce that supports regional growth by promoting innovation and competitiveness. It provides grants and technical assistance for projects that create jobs and stimulate industrial and commercial activity. The agency was established in 1965.
What does the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (FCSC) do?
The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States (FCSC) is a subdivision of the Department of Justice responsible for adjudicating claims of US nationals against foreign governments. It was established in 1954.
What does the Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA) do?
The Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA) is a subdivision of the Department of Labor responsible for ensuring the security of retirement, health, and other workplace-related benefits for America's workers and their families. The agency enforces the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) and provides assistance to workers in understanding their rights and benefits. It also oversees the administration of pension plans and health plans to ensure compliance with federal regulations. It was established in 1974.
What does the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) do?
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is a subdivision of the Department of Agriculture responsible for helping farmers and landowners conserve natural resources. It was established in 1935.
What does the Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) do?
The Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) is a subdivision of the Department of Commerce responsible for promoting the growth and competitiveness of minority-owned businesses. The agency provides resources, advocacy, and support to help these businesses access capital, contracts, and markets. It was established in 1969.
What does the Office of Postsecondary Education (OPE) do?
The Office of Postsecondary Education (OPE) is a subdivision of the US Department of Education responsible for promoting and ensuring access to quality postsecondary education. The agency administers programs that support higher education institutions, provide financial assistance to students, and promote innovation and improvement in postsecondary education. It also works to ensure equal access to education and to foster educational excellence throughout the nation. It was established in 1980.
What does the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) do?
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is an independent agency responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector. The bureau's primary mission is to ensure that markets for consumer financial products and services work for Americans. The CFPB enforces federal consumer financial laws, supervises financial institutions, and educates consumers to make informed financial decisions. It was established in 2010 as part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
What does the Farm Service Agency (FSA) do?
The Farm Service Agency (FSA) is a subdivision of the Department of Agriculture that administers farm loans, commodity and marketing programs, conservation efforts, and disaster assistance. Its programs help stabilize farm income, support land and water conservation, provide credit to new or disadvantaged farmers, and aid recovery from natural disasters. The agency was established in it's current form in 1994.
What does the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) do?
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a subdivision of the US Department of Labor responsible for measuring labor market activity, working conditions, and price changes in the economy. The agency collects, analyzes, and disseminates essential economic information to support public and private decision-making. It also conducts research and provides data on employment, unemployment, inflation, productivity, and other economic indicators. It was established in 1884.
What does the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) do?
The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) is a subdivision of the Department of the Treasury responsible for enforcing and administering laws covering the production, use, and distribution of alcohol and tobacco products. The agency ensures that these products are labeled, advertised, and marketed in accordance with the law, and it collects excise taxes on alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and ammunition. It also works to prevent unfair and unlawful market practices and to protect consumers. It was established in 2003 under the Homeland Security Act. Regulation of alcohol, tobacco, and firearms have existed in some form by federal agencies since 1789.
What does the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) do?
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a subdivision of the Department of Commerce responsible for promoting innovation and industrial competitiveness through science. It was established in 1901.