What does the do?

Refreshed annually

The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) is a subdivision of the Department of Labor responsible for enforcing compliance with mandatory safety and health standards to eliminate deaths, injuries, and health hazards in the mining industry. It was established in 1977.

In FY 2025,

$385M

was spent by the Mine Safety and Health Administration
In FY 2025,

0.7%

of Dept. of Labor spending was by the Mine Safety and Health Administration

How much does the Mine Safety and Health Administration spend?

The Mine Safety and Health Administration spent a net total of $385 million in fiscal year (FY) 2025. This was 0.7% of the $54.6 billion spent by the Department of Labor, which itself was 0.8% of all federal spending. The MSHA ranked 5th among DOL subdivisions in net spending.
Net spending is the difference between agency spending and any financial accounts generating funds from the agency’s own activities, like fees or rent. When these funds offset all spending, net spending appears negative. Some agencies tend to operate with positive net spending while others will register negative net spending sometimes or often.

The Mine Safety and Health Administration ranked 5th among Department of Labor divisions in net spending in 2025.

DOL net spending by division, FY 2025

Like the overall federal budget, agency spending may shift over time due to population growth, changes in policy and programs, and emerging problems to address. Adjusting for inflation, the Mine Safety and Health Administration’s federal spending has decreased from $569 million in 1980 to $385 million in 2025.

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The Mine Safety and Health Administration’s federal spending in FY 2025 was lower than in FY 1980.

Yearly federal net spending by MSHA, adjusted for inflation (2025 dollars), FYs 1980–2025

Since 1980, Mine Safety and Health Administration's spending has decreased 32.3%, while overall spending has increased 196.9%.
As a percentage of the overall federal budget, a positive number means agency net spending made up some positive share of total federal spending; a negative number means that net generated funds offset a portion of total spending. MSHA spending grew less than overall federal spending since 1980, which means that its share of the federal budget decreased. In 2025, MSHA accounted for 0.0055% of overall federal spending.
Major legislation, internal or global economic conditions, and acute events like the COVID-19 pandemic can affect spending year to year. For example, the federal budget fluctuated during the pandemic, rising from $5.3 trillion (in 2023 dollars) in 2019 to $7.7 trillion in 2020 and $7.8 trillion in 2021.

The Mine Safety and Health Administration’s share of federal spending in FY 2025 was lower than in FY 1980.

Net spending by MSHA as a share of federal spending, FYs 1980–2025

Most federal spending can be categorized as direct or indirect. Direct spending refers to money the federal government spends on budget items such as federal programs, employee salaries, and debt interest. Indirect spending refers to federal transfers to state and local governments.
In FY 2025, the Mine Safety and Health Administration transferred 2.9% of its total spending to states and local governments.
The chart below outlines all net MSHA spending.

How did the Mine Safety and Health Administration spend its budget in 2025?

Federal government net spending isolated to MSHA, FY 2025

How many people work for the Mine Safety and Health Administration?

Some 1,370 of the 2.03 million total civilian federal employees work for the Mine Safety and Health Administration as of May 2026. This is 42.2% fewer people than the division staffed in 2012.

The number of federal employees working for the Mine Safety and Health Administration has decreased 42.2% since 2012.

Number of federal employees working for MSHA, May 2012–2026

The Mine Safety and Health Administration accounts for 0.068% of the overall federal workforce. As the number of federal employees has changed, so too has the way the workforce is organized, with resources allocated to agencies depending on government priorities. The Mine Safety and Health Administration constituted a smaller share of the overall federal workforce in May 2026 compared to 2012 (0.1%).
While the number of employees on an agency’s payroll contributes to that agency’s expenditures, some agencies have relatively few employees compared to their budget or vice versa, giving them an outsized share of either the budget or the workforce. According to the most recent data, the Mine Safety and Health Administration’s share of the workforce (0.068%) is larger than its share of the budget (0.0055%).

Who leads the Mine Safety and Health Administration?

The MSHA is led by an assistant secretary. This individual is appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate, and reports to the Secretary of Labor.

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Methodology

USAFacts standardizes data, in areas such as time and demographics, to make it easier to understand and compare.

Page sources

USAFacts endeavors to share the most up-to-date information available. We sourced the data on this page directly from government agencies; however, the intervals at which agencies publish updated data vary.