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Customers > Item 1 - Purpose and Function of Our Government - General > PART I > 2021 Government 10-K

Customers

Published on Mon, May 17, 2021 9:00AM PDT | Updated Mon, May 17, 2021 11:19AM PDT

Our Government’s customers are the individuals living in the US and US citizens living overseas, including members of the armed forces. As of July 1, 2020, the population of the US, excluding US territories, was 329 million. The population of the US is growing but at a rate that is generally decelerating; the population of the US grew less than 1% during each of the years ended July 1, 2020 and July 1, 2019, 17% in the 20 years following July 1, 2000, and 45% in the 40 years following July 1, 1980.

Demographics of our population

Below are tables with demographics of our population, as follows:

  • the first two tables show demographics of our overall population, first combined and then by race and ethnicity;
  • the third and fourth tables show demographics of our largest non-white race population (African-American people) and our largest ethnic population (Hispanic people), respectively; and
  • the fifth and sixth tables show demographics for our native-born and foreign-born populations, respectively.

Population demographics

 

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total population (in thousands) 1,4

227,225

249,623

282,162

309,327

323,072

325,122

326,838

328,330

329,484

Population change 2

2,920

2,588

2,457

2,395

2,333

2,050

1,716

1,492

1,154

Natural

2,021

1,959

1,579

1,659

1,268

1,102

996

923

677

Births

4,492

4,114

3,966

4,150

3,971

3,890

3,835

3,770

3,748

Deaths

2,471

2,155

2,387

2,491

2,703

2,788

2,839

2,847

3,071

Net migration

na

na

878

735

1,065

948

720

569

477

Residual 3

899

534

Age and gender 1,4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Male

48.6%

48.8%

49.1%

49.2%

49.2%

49.2%

49.2%

49.2%

na

Female

51.4%

51.2%

50.9%

50.8%

50.8%

50.8%

50.8%

50.8%

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

<5 years of age

7.2%

7.6%

6.8%

6.5%

6.2%

6.1%

6.0%

6.0%

na

5 to 14 years

15.3%

14.1%

14.6%

13.3%

12.7%

12.6%

12.6%

12.5%

na

15 to 24 years

18.7%

14.8%

14.0%

14.1%

13.5%

13.3%

13.1%

13.0%

na

25 to 34 years

16.5%

17.3%

14.1%

13.3%

13.8%

13.9%

14.0%

14.0%

na

35 to 44 years

11.4%

15.1%

16.0%

13.2%

12.5%

12.5%

12.6%

12.7%

na

45 to 54 years

10.0%

10.1%

13.5%

14.5%

13.2%

13.0%

12.7%

12.4%

na

55 to 64 years

9.6%

8.5%

8.7%

11.9%

12.8%

12.9%

12.9%

12.9%

na

65+ years

11.3%

12.5%

12.4%

13.1%

15.2%

15.6%

16.0%

16.5%

na

18+ years

na

na

74.3%

76.0%

77.2%

77.3%

77.5%

77.7%

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Median age (years)

30.0

33.0

35.3

37.2

37.9

38.0

38.2

38.4

na

Race and ethnicity 1,4,5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

White

85.7%

83.9%

81.0%

78.3%

76.9%

76.7%

76.5%

76.3%

na

Black/African American

11.7%

12.3%

12.7%

13.0%

13.3%

13.3%

13.4%

13.4%

na

Asian

1.6%

3.0%

4.0%

4.9%

5.7%

5.8%

5.9%

5.9%

na

American Indian/Alaska Native

0.6%

0.8%

1.0%

1.2%

1.3%

1.3%

1.3%

1.3%

na

Other/Mixed Race

na

na

1.4%

2.3%

2.6%

2.7%

2.7%

2.8%

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hispanic

6.4%

9.0%

12.6%

16.4%

17.8%

18.0%

18.2%

18.4%

na

Non-Hispanic, White only

na

75.6%

69.4%

63.8%

61.2%

60.8%

60.4%

60.1%

na

Regional 1,4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Northeast

21.6%

20.4%

19.0%

17.9%

17.4%

17.2%

17.2%

17.1%

17.0%

Midwest

25.9%

24.0%

22.9%

21.7%

21.1%

21.0%

20.9%

20.8%

20.7%

South

33.3%

34.4%

35.6%

37.1%

37.9%

38.0%

38.1%

38.3%

38.4%

West

19.1%

21.3%

22.5%

23.3%

23.7%

23.8%

23.8%

23.8%

23.9%

Educational attainment 6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Population 25 years and over (in thousands)

na

158,868

175,230

199,928

215,015

216,921

219,830

221,478

na

Less than high school graduate

na

24.8%

15.9%

12.9%

10.9%

10.4%

10.2%

9.9%

na

High school graduate

na

30.0%

33.1%

31.2%

28.8%

28.8%

28.5%

28.1%

na

Some college or associate’s degree

na

24.9%

25.4%

26.0%

26.8%

26.6%

26.3%

25.9%

na

Bachelor’s degree

na

13.1%

17.0%

19.4%

20.8%

21.3%

21.9%

22.5%

na

Graduate or professional degree

na

7.2%

8.6%

10.5%

12.6%

12.8%

13.1%

13.5%

na

Households and families 6, 8, 9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total households (in thousands)

80,776

93,347

104,705

117,538

125,819

126,224

127,586

128,579

128,451

Total family households (in thousands)

59,550

66,091

72,026

78,833

82,183

82,828

83,088

83,482

83,677

% total households married no kids

29.9%

29.8%

28.7%

28.8%

29.0%

29.4%

29.3%

29.7%

30.1%

% total households married parents

30.9%

26.3%

24.1%

20.9%

18.9%

18.7%

18.7%

18.5%

18.4%

% total households single fathers

0.8%

1.2%

1.7%

1.9%

2.0%

1.9%

1.9%

1.9%

1.8%

% total households single mothers

6,7%

7.1%

7.2%

7.2%

6.8%

6.5%

6.4%

6.0%

5.8%

% total households other family

5.4%

6.5%

7.0%

8.3%

8.7%

9.0%

8.8%

8.8%

8.9%

Total non-family households (in thousands)

21,226

27,257

32,680

38,705

43,635

43,396

44,498

45,096

44,774

% total households single person

22.7%

24.6%

25.5%

26.7%

28.1%

27.9%

28.0%

28.4%

28.2%

% total households multiple people non-family

3.6%

4.6%

5.7%

6.2%

6.6%

6.5%

6.9%

6.7%

6.7%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Young adults (25-34 years) living at home (in thousands)

3,194

4,987

3,989

5,520

7,020

7,108

7,537

7,580

8,032

Rate of young adults living at home

8.7%

11.5%

10.6%

13.4%

16.0%

16.1%

16.8%

16.8%

17.8%

Average household size

2.76

2.63

2.62

2.59

2.53

2.54

2.53

2.52

2.53

Average family size

3.29

3.17

3.17

3.16

3.15

3.14

3.14

3.14

3.15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marital status (age 15 years+) 6, 7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Currently married

61.0%

58.7%

56.2%

53.6%

52.1%

52.4%

52.1%

52.3%

52.0%

All men

63.2%

60.7%

57.9%

54.8%

53.4%

53.8%

53.4%

53.6%

53.2%

All women

58.9%

56.9%

54.7%

52.4%

50.8%

51.0%

50.8%

51.1%

50.9%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net divorce rate 10

7.8%

10.7%

12.9%

14.1%

14.6%

14.5%

14.6%

14.3%

14.3%

All men

6.8%

9.7%

12.1%

12.9%

13.2%

13.3%

13.4%

12.9%

12.9%

All women

8.6%

11.5%

13.6%

15.2%

15.8%

15.5%

15.6%

15.5%

15.4%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: US Census Bureau.

†† We limited the data in this table to the years presented to provide the most recent data but to also fit the table to the page. Additional years of data and more detail may be found on our website. Click “More detail” to access it.

na An “na” reference in the table means the data is not available.

1 Population statistics are from intercensal estimates taken on July 1 of each year, providing detailed, current information to communities every year. Decennial census figures are published April 1 each decade, providing an official count of the population. We retain the intercensal estimates in this table despite decennial census figures being released, as this allows us to report details consistent with the total population reported. The US Census Bureau announced that the 2020 Census (the official decennial census figure) shows the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2020, was 331,449,281.

2 Components of population change are from yearly intercensal estimates taken on July 1 of each year. Estimates have not been revised for all years and as a result total population change does not always add to the gap between annual population estimates.

3 The “residual” shown here includes the components of population change: net international migration, Federal Citizen movement, net domestic migration, and a statistical residual. For post-1990 estimates, the estimates methodology was refined to allow separate identification of these components.

4 Total population estimates by the Census Bureau are released in March of each year while the demographic statistics are released in July. All figures will be updated when full data is available in July.

5 Race categories have been redefined many times in the history of the census. Due to the ability to choose “some other race” in census years and select more than one race in 2000 and later, race estimates in census years sometimes vary significantly from intercensal estimates.

6 Educational attainment, living arrangements, marital status, and household and family statistics are from the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement produced in March of each year. It includes the civilian non-institutional population plus armed forces living off post or with their families on post.

7 Marital status includes householders whose race was reported as only one race (rather than in combination with one or more other races) after 2003.

8 A household is an occupied housing unit.

9 In table titles, “family” is used to refer to a family household. In general, family consists of those related to each other by birth, marriage or adoption. A non-family household consists of a householder living alone (a one-person household) or where the householder shares the home only with people to whom he/she is not related.

10 Net divorce rate is calculated as currently divorced as a percentage of ever married.

From 1980 through 2018, our population has remained 49% male and 51% female but has shifted in the ways discussed below.

We’re getting older – the median age of our population has increased by 8 years or 27%, from 30.0 years old in 1980 to 38.2 years old in 2018.

We’re becoming more diverse racially, ethnically, and in our country of origin –

  • The US population of non-Hispanic white people has decreased 15 percentage points since 1990 to 60% of our population in 2018, with other races and ethnicities increasing over this same time.
  • The share of foreign-born individuals within our population has increased 3 percentage points since 2000 to 14% of our population in 2018. Foreign-born individuals:
    • have a higher labor participation rate (67% in 2018) than native-born individuals (63% in 2018);
    • work in more manual jobs (e.g. service, natural resources, construction, maintenance, moving); and
    • have lower annual earnings (44% earned $50,000 or more in 2018) than native-born individuals (51% earned $50,000 or more in 2018).
  • Our annual population growth from migration (0.7 million in 2018) is approaching the growth from births and deaths (1.0 million in 2018).

We’re moving south and west – our population is migrating from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West. States range in population from just under 600,000 (Wyoming) to over 39 million (California).

We’re becoming more educated – the rate of individuals with less than a high school diploma has decreased 15 percentage points since 1990 to 10%, while the share of adults 25 years and over with at least some college experience has increased 16 percentage points to 61% in 2018.

The composition of our households and families is changing – our total number of households has increased, but:

  • the size of the average household (a person or people residing together in a housing unit) has decreased 0.3 people or 8% since 1980 to 2.5 people per household in 2018, as more people are living alone and fewer people are having children;
  • the size of the average family (two or more people related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together) has decreased 0.2 people or 5% since 1980 to 3.1 people per family in 2018;
  • the share of households that comprise married families has decreased 13 percentage points since 1980 to 48% in 2018, while the share of households that comprise unmarried individuals or families have increased 13 percentage points to 52% in 2018;
  • the share of our population that is currently married has decreased 10 percentage points for men and 8 percentage points for women since 1980 to 53% and 51%, respectively, in 2018, while the rate of individuals currently divorced has increased 7 percentage points each for men and women to 13% and 16%, respectively, in 2018; and
  • the number of young adults (25 – 34 years old) living at home has increased 136% since 1980 to 7.5 million or 17% of all young adults in 2018.

Demographics by race and ethnicity

For US federal government reporting, race and ethnicity are two separate and distinct concepts that generally reflect social definitions recognized in this country and do not conform to any biological, anthropological, or genetic criteria. Data for ethnicity is reported as Hispanic or non-Hispanic. Hispanic origin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors. People who identify as Hispanic may be any race. People may choose to report more than one race to indicate their racial mixture, such as “American Indian” and “white.” Federal government agencies report data for at least five race categories: white, Black or African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.

 

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total population (in thousands)

227,225

249,623

282,162

309,327

323,072

325,122

326,838

328,330

329,484

White

194,713

209,367

228,530

242,235

248,413

249,271

249,961

250,522

na

Black/African American

26,683

30,648

35,815

40,355

42,970

43,374

43,732

44,075

na

Asian

3,729

7,549

11,173

15,261

18,280

18,764

19,134

19,505

na

Hispanic

14,609

22,573

35,662

50,743

57,451

58,574

59,640

60,572

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poverty rate of all persons

13.0%

13.5%

11.3%

15.1%

12.7%

12.3%

11.8%

10.5%

na

White population 1

10.2%

10.7%

9.5%

13.0%

11.0%

10.5%

10.1%

9.1%

na

Black 1

32.5%

31.9%

22.5%

27.4%

22.0%

21.7%

20.8%

18.8%

na

Asian 1

na

12.2%

9.9%

12.2%

10.1%

9.7%

10.1%

7.3%

na

Hispanic

25.7%

28.1%

21.5%

26.5%

19.4%

18.3%

17.6%

15.7%

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Crime

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total arrests (in thousands) 6

10,458

14,217

13,986

13,122

10,662

10,555

10,311

10,085

na

White

74.0%

69.8%

68.9%

69.5%

69.6%

68.9%

69.0%

69.4%

na

Black/African American

24.2%

28.3%

28.8%

27.9%

26.9%

27.2%

27.4%

26.6%

na

American Indian/Alaska Native

1.2%

1.1%

1.3%

1.4%

2.0%

2.4%

2.1%

2.4%

na

Asian/Pacific Islander

0.6%

0.8%

1.1%

1.2%

1.5%

1.5%

1.4%

1.6%

na

Total sentenced prisoners (in thousands) 7

330

774

1,394

1,614

1,508

1,489

1,464

1,431

na

White (non-Hispanic) 8

na

na

35.6%

31.2%

30.2%

30.3%

30.5%

30.6%

na

Black (non-Hispanic) 8

na

na

46.2%

36.9%

33.4%

33.1%

32.9%

32.8%

na

Hispanic

na

na

16.4%

22.3%

23.3%

23.4%

23.4%

23.2%

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

High school dropout rate 2

14.1%

12.1%

10.9%

7.4%

6.1%

5.8%

5.7%

na

na

White

11.4%

9.0%

6.9%

5.1%

5.2%

4.6%

4.6%

na

na

Black

19.1%

13.2%

13.1%

8.0%

6.2%

5.7%

5.8%

na

na

Hispanic

35.2%

32.4%

27.8%

15.1%

8.6%

9.5%

9.0%

na

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

College graduation rate (at 4 yr institutions, within 6 yrs of start) 3

na

na

na

58.4%

59.7%

60.4%

62.4%

63.4%

na

White

na

na

na

61.6%

63.7%

64.4%

65.9%

66.6%

na

Black

na

na

na

39.6%

39.3%

39.8%

42.4%

44.3%

na

Hispanic

na

na

na

50.2%

54.3%

55.0%

56.7%

57.8%

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Civil rights violations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equal employment charges

na

na

79,896

99,922

91,503

84,254

76,418

72,675

67,448

By race

na

na

28,945

35,890

32,309

28,528

24,600

23,976

22,064

By ethnicity/national origin

na

na

7,792

11,304

9,840

8,299

7,106

7,009

6,377

By color

na

na

1,290

2,780

3,102

3,240

3,166

3,415

3,562

Hate crimes based on race/ethnicity/ancestry 4

na

na

5,248

3,982

3,489

4,131

4,047

3,963

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employment (as % of working-age population) 5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

White

60.0%

63.7%

64.9%

59.4%

60.2%

60.4%

60.7%

61.0%

57.3%

Black

52.3%

56.7%

60.9%

52.3%

56.4%

57.6%

58.3%

58.7%

53.6%

Asian

na

na

64.8%

59.9%

60.9%

61.5%

61.6%

62.3%

57.3%

Hispanic

57.6%

61.9%

65.7%

59.1%

62.0%

62.7%

63.2%

63.9%

58.7%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

% of births to mothers under 18 (by race of mother)

na

4.7%

4.1%

2.8%

1.4%

1.3%

1.2%

na

na

White

na

3.6%

3.5%

2.5%

0.8%

0.8%

0.7%

na

na

Black/African American

na

10.1%

7.8%

4.9%

2.3%

2.0%

1.9%

na

na

Asian/Pacific Islander

na

2.1%

1.5%

0.7%

0.2%

0.2%

0.2%

na

na

Hispanic/Latina (of any race)

na

6.6%

6.3%

4.7%

2.5%

2.3%

2.1%

na

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Life expectancy at birth

73.7

75.4

76.8

78.7

78.7

78.6

78.7

78.8

77.8

White

74.4

76.1

77.3

78.8

78.6

78.5

78.7

78.8

78.0

Black

68.1

69.1

71.8

74.7

74.8

74.9

74.9

74.7

72.0

Hispanic

na

na

na

81.7

81.8

81.8

81.8

81.8

79.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mortality rate (per 100,000 persons)

878.3

863.8

854.0

799.5

849.3

863.8

867.8

869.7

na

White

892.5

888.0

900.2

861.7

919.3

936.6

939.9

955.4

na

Black/African American

875.4

871.0

781.1

682.2

732.3

742.4

754.1

798.4

na

Asian/Pacific Islander

296.9

283.3

296.6

301.1

340.0

349.3

355.9

370.4

na

American Indian/Alaska Native

487.4

402.8

380.8

365.1

425.6

434.6

438.2

459.1

na

Hispanic

na

na

303.8

286.2

327.6

334.6

341.9

350.7

na

Non-Hispanic

na

na

929.6

897.6

958.8

977.4

982.6

984.6

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Infant (under 1 year old) mortality (per 1,000 births)

na

8.9

6.9

6.1

5.9

5.8

5.7

na

na

White

na

7.3

5.7

5.2

4.9

4.9

4.7

na

na

Black/African American

na

16.9

13.5

11.2

10.8

10.4

10.5

na

na

Asian/Pacific Islander

na

6.6

4.9

4.3

4.0

4.2

4.0

na

na

Hispanic/Latina (of any race)

na

7.5

5.6

5.3

5.0

5.1

4.9

na

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of children in foster care on September 30

na

na

552,000

404,878

436,551

442,995

437,283

423,997

na

White

na

na

38%

41%

44%

44%

44%

44%

na

Black

na

na

39%

29%

23%

23%

22%

23%

na

Hispanic

na

na

15%

21%

21%

21%

22%

21%

na

Asian

na

na

1%

1%

1%

%

%

1%

na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sources: US Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Center for Education Statistics.

na An “na” reference in the table means the data is not available.

1 Includes mixed races prior to 2002.

2 16-24 years old who are not enrolled in school and who have not completed a high school program, regardless of when they left school.

3 Data are for 4-year degree-granting postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Graduation rates refer to students receiving bachelor’s degrees from their initial institutions of attendance only. Graduation rate is for cohort starting six years earlier. Totals include data for persons whose race/ethnicity was not reported. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

4 A hate crime is a traditional offense like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of bias. For the purposes of collecting statistics, the FBI has defined a hate crime as a “criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity.” Hate itself is not a crime – and the FBI is mindful of protecting freedom of speech and other civil liberties.

5 Total employment is from the current employment statistics (CES) survey and represents average annual national non-farm employment. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are excluded from these earnings estimates.

6 Arrests include each separate instance in which a person is arrested, cited, or summoned for an offense. A single arrest may be for a single criminal incident or for many incidents that occurred over a long time period. Because a person may be arrested multiple times during a year, arrest figures do not reflect the number of individuals who have been arrested. Rather, the arrest data show the number of times that persons are arrested, as reported by law enforcement agencies. Data reflect the hierarchy of offenses, meaning that the most serious offense in a multiple-offense arrest instance is used to characterize the arrest.

7 Sentenced prisoners are prisoners with sentences of more than 1 year under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional officials.

8 Data source used to estimate race and Hispanic origin changed in 2010. Use caution when comparing to prior years.

African-American population

 

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

2018

2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

African-American population (in thousands)

26,683

29,931

34,658

40,355

42,970

43,374

43,732

44,075

% of total population

11.8%

12.0%

12.3%

13.0%

13.3%

13.4%

13.4%

13.4%

Age and gender

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Male

47.3%

47.2%

47.5%

47.7%

47.9%

47.9%

47.9%

47.9%

Female

52.7%

52.8%

52.5%

52.3%

52.1%

52.1%

52.1%

52.1%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

<5 years of age

9.2%

9.2%

8.1%

7.6%

7.0%

6.9%

6.9%

6.7%

5 to 14 years

19.5%

17.7%

18.3%

15.3%

14.3%

14.2%

14.1%

14.0%

15 to 24 years

21.6%

17.1%

16.0%

16.9%

15.7%

15.3%

14.9%

14.6%

25 to 34 years

15.9%

18.1%

14.9%

14.1%

15.2%

15.5%

15.7%

15.9%

35 to 44 years

10.2%

14.0%

15.9%

13.5%

12.9%

12.9%

12.9%

13.0%

45 to 54 years

8.6%

8.9%

11.8%

14.0%

12.9%

12.7%

12.5%

12.3%

55 to 64 years

7.2%

6.7%

6.8%

9.9%

11.4%

11.5%

11.7%

11.7%

65+ years

7.8%

8.4%

8.1%

8.7%

10.6%

10.9%

11.3%

11.7%

18+ years

64.5%

68.0%

68.6%

72.0%

74.2%

74.5%

74.8%

75.1%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Median age (years)

24.9

28.3

30.2

32.1

33.4

33.6

33.8

34.1

Regional

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Northeast

18.3%

18.7%

17.6%

16.8%

16.3%

16.5%

16.2%

16.2%

Midwest

20.1%

19.0%

18.8%

17.9%

17.2%

17.1%

17.1%

17.0%

South

53.0%

52.8%

54.8%

56.5%

57.8%

57.7%

57.8%

57.9%

West

8.5%

9.4%

8.9%

8.8%

8.7%

8.7%

8.8%

8.8%

Educational attainment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Population 25 years and over (in thousands)

na

15,761

19,858

22,969

 25,976

26,455

27,047

27,428

Less than high school graduate

na

32.9%

27.7%

18.4%

16.1%

15.8%

12.1%

12.1%

High school graduate

na

29.7%

29.8%

32.6%

30.3%

29.8%

32.7%

32.6%

Some college or associate’s degree

na

25.3%

28.2%

29.2%

30.3%

30.4%

30.0%

29.2%

Bachelor’s degree

na

8.0%

9.5%

10.4%

14.8%

15.1%

16.3%

16.6%

Graduate or professional degree

na

4.1%

4.8%

8.9%

8.5%

8.8%

8.9%

9.5%

Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of households (in thousands)

8,847

10,671

13,174

15,265

16,733

16,997

17,167

17,054

Earning <$15,000 annually

24.9%

24.9%

17.6%

22.1%

19.6%

19.1%

19.1%

17.2%

$15,000 to $24,999

16.3%

13.9%

11.9%

13.5%

12.4%

12.2%

12.6%

11.5%

$25,000 to $34,999

12.6%

10.9%

11.5%

11.3%

11.4%

11.8%

11.3%

11.4%

$35,000 to $49,999

14.7%

14.1%

14.5%

14.7%

13.6%

13.9%

13.9%

13.7%

$50,000 to $74,999

16.6%

16.5%

18.1%

15.3%

16.7%

15.7%

16.3%

16.8%

$75,000 or more

15.0%

19.7%

26.5%

23.1%

26.3%

27.2%

26.8%

29.4%

Employment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Population 16 years and over (in thousands)

17,824

21,477

24,902

28,708

31,889

32,247

32,761

33,036

Civilian labor force

61.0%

64.0%

65.8%

62.2%

61.6%

62.3%

62.3%

62.5%

Employed

52.2%

56.7%

60.9%

52.3%

56.4%

57.6%

58.3%

58.7%

Unemployed

8.7%

7.3%

5.0%

9.9%

5.2%

4.7%

4.0%

3.8%

Not in labor force

39.0%

36.0%

34.2%

37.8%

38.4%

37.7%

37.7%

37.5%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: US Census Bureau.

na An “na” reference in the table means the data is not available.

Hispanic population

 

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

2018

2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hispanic population (in thousands)

14,609

21,900

35,306

50,743

57,451

58,574

59,640

60,572

% of total population

6.4%

8.8%

12.5%

16.4%

17.8%

18.0%

18.3%

18.5%

Age and gender

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Male

49.8%

50.8%

51.4%

50.7%

50.5%

50.5%

50.5%

50.5%

Female

50.2%

49.2%

48.6%

49.3%

49.5%

49.5%

49.5%

49.5%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

<5 years of age

11.4%

10.6%

10.5%

10.1%

8.9%

8.8%

8.6%

8.4%

5 to 14 years

20.6%

19.0%

19.2%

18.4%

17.9%

17.8%

17.6%

17.4%

15 to 24 years

21.9%

19.1%

18.6%

17.5%

16.7%

16.5%

16.4%

16.3%

25 to 34 years

17.1%

20.0%

18.4%

16.7%

15.9%

15.8%

15.8%

15.7%

35 to 44 years

10.7%

13.3%

14.5%

14.5%

14.4%

14.4%

14.3%

14.3%

45 to 54 years

8.1%

7.8%

8.9%

10.9%

11.6%

11.7%

11.7%

11.8%

55 to 64 years

5.3%

5.3%

4.8%

6.4%

7.7%

7.9%

8.2%

8.4%

65+ years

4.9%

4.8%

4.9%

5.6%

6.9%

7.1%

7.4%

7.7%

18+ years

61.5%

65.1%

65.0%

66.1%

68.0%

68.4%

68.8%

69.1%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Median age (years)

23.2

25.6

25.8

27.3

28.9

29.2

29.5

29.8

Regional

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Northeast

17.8%

16.6%

14.9%

13.9%

14.0%

14.0%

13.8%

13.8%

Midwest

8.7%

7.6%

8.8%

9.2%

9.1%

9.1%

9.1%

9.1%

South

30.6%

30.4%

32.8%

36.1%

37.2%

37.5%

37.8%

38.0%

West

42.8%

45.4%

43.5%

40.8%

39.7%

39.4%

39.2%

39.1%

Educational attainment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Population 25 years and over (in thousands)

na

11,227

18,270

26,375

32,019

32,660

33,877

34,575

Less than high school graduate

na

50.2%

47.6%

39.4%

34.8%

32.6%

28.4%

28.2%

High school graduate

na

21.6%

22.1%

27.4%

27.3%

27.9%

30.7%

31.4%

Some college or associate’s degree

na

19.1%

19.9%

19.3%

21.5%

22.6%

22.5%

21.6%

Bachelor’s degree

na

5.9%

6.7%

10.1%

11.1%

12.2%

13.0%

13.1%

Graduate or professional degree

na

3.3%

3.8%

3.8%

5.3%

5.1%

5.3%

5.7%

Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of households (in thousands)

3,906

6,220

10,034

14,435

16,915

17,336

17,758

17,667

Earning <$15,000 annually

15.9%

15.5%

11.3%

14.6%

11.9%

11.8%

11.2%

10.7%

$15,000 to $24,999

14.0%

15.0%

11.9%

12.8%

10.8%

10.4%

10.9%

8.8%

$25,000 to $34,999

13.4%

11.8%

11.6%

12.3%

11.3%

11.4%

10.7%

10.5%

$35,000 to $49,999

17.0%

15.8%

15.9%

15.7%

15.4%

14.3%

15.0%

14.1%

$50,000 to $74,999

19.6%

19.5%

20.0%

17.7%

18.0%

19.0%

18.6%

19.5%

$75,000 or more

19.9%

22.3%

29.4%

26.7%

32.8%

33.0%

33.6%

36.4%

Employment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Population 16 years and over (in thousands)

9,598

15,904

23,938

33,713

40,697

41,371

42,734

43,507

Civilian labor force

64.0%

67.4%

69.7%

67.5%

65.8%

66.1%

66.3%

66.8%

Employed

57.6%

61.9%

65.7%

59.0%

62.0%

62.7%

63.2%

63.9%

Unemployed

6.5%

5.5%

4.0%

8.4%

3.8%

3.4%

3.1%

2.9%

Not in labor force

36.0%

32.6%

30.3%

32.5%

34.2%

33.9%

33.7%

33.2%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: US Census Bureau.

na An “na” reference in the table means the data is not available.

Demographics of native-born and foreign-born population

Native-born population

 

2000

2005

2010

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total population (in thousands) 1

281,422

288,378

309,350

318,857

321,419

323,128

325,719

327,167

328,240

Native-born

250,314

252,688

269,394

276,465

278,128

279,388

281,193

282,439

283,307

Foreign-born

31,108

35,690

39,956

42,392

43,290

43,739

44,526

44,729

44,933

Foreign-born; naturalized

12,543

14,968

17,476

19,985

20,697

21,238

21,949

22,630

23,183

Foreign-born; not a US citizen

18,565

20,722

22,480

22,407

22,593

22,501

22,577

22,099

21,750

Native-born demographics (in thousands) 1

250,314

252,688

269,394

276,465

278,128

279,388

281,193

282,439

283,307

White

na

78.6%

78.0%

77.3%

77.2%

76.8%

76.5%

76.4%

76.3%

Black/African American

na

12.8%

13.2%

13.3%

13.2%

13.2%

13.2%

13.2%

13.3%

Asian

na

1.6%

1.8%

2.0%

2.1%

2.1%

2.2%

2.2%

2.3%

Hispanic

na

9.9%

11.9%

13.0%

13.3%

13.5%

13.9%

14.1%

14.3%

Non-Hispanic, White only

na

73.3%

70.3%

68.6%

68.2%

67.9%

67.3%

67.0%

66.7%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Median age (years)

na

35.7

35.9

35.9

36.0

36.1

36.2

36.3

36.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Educational attainment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Population 25 years and over (in thousands)

na

159,699

170,663

176,980

178,726

180,299

182,305

183,902

185,345

Less than high school graduate

na

12.7%

11.0%

9.6%

9.4%

9.1%

8.7%

8.4%

8.2%

High school graduate

na

30.8%

29.7%

28.8%

28.6%

28.2%

28.1%

27.9%

27.9%

Some college or associate’s degree

na

29.2%

30.9%

31.2%

31.1%

31.2%

31.0%

31.0%

30.7%

Bachelor’s degree

na

17.5%

18.1%

19.1%

19.4%

19.8%

20.1%

20.4%

20.7%

Graduate or professional degree

na

9.8%

10.3%

11.3%

11.4%

11.8%

12.1%

12.3%

12.5%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Population 16 years and over (in thousands)

na

na

206,115

213,149

214,802

216,181

218,066

219,463

220,650

In labor force

na

na

63.8%

62.7%

62.6%

62.6%

62.7%

62.6%

62.9%

Civilian labor force

na

na

63.3%

62.3%

62.1%

62.1%

62.2%

62.2%

62.4%

Employed

na

na

56.3%

57.7%

58.1%

58.5%

58.8%

59.0%

59.5%

Unemployed

na

na

6.9%

4.6%

4.0%

3.7%

3.4%

3.2%

2.9%

Armed Forces

na

na

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

0.4%

0.4%

0.4%

0.5%

Not in labor force

na

na

36.2%

37.3%

37.4%

37.4%

37.3%

37.4%

37.1%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total civilian employed (in thousands)

na

115,788

116,126

122,971

124,810

126,379

128,284

129,585

131,204

Management, business, science, and arts

na

35.3%

37.4%

38.2%

38.4%

38.8%

39.4%

39.7%

41.0%

Service occupations

na

15.2%

16.6%

16.9%

16.7%

16.8%

16.7%

16.7%

16.6%

Sales and office

na

27.3%

26.4%

25.1%

25.0%

24.7%

24.3%

22.7%

21.6%

Natural resources, construction, maintenance

na

9.9%

8.4%

8.1%

8.2%

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

8.1%

Production, transportation and moving

na

12.4%

11.2%

11.7%

11.8%

11.6%

11.6%

12.9%

12.8%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Annual earnings

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Population 16+ years with earnings (in thousands)

na

77,501

80,425

85,945

87,849

89,331

91,392

92,847

94,993

Earning <$15,000 annually

na

6.9%

5.9%

5.3%

5.1%

4.8%

4.4%

4.2%

4.2%

$15,000 to $24,999

na

16.4%

13.9%

13.0%

12.8%

12.1%

11.5%

10.8%

10.0%

$25,000 to $34,999

na

19.3%

17.0%

16.1%

15.8%

15.5%

15.2%

15.0%

14.6%

$35,000 to $49,999

na

22.2%

21.6%

20.7%

20.6%

20.4%

20.2%

20.0%

19.9%

$50,000 to $74,999

na

19.6%

21.8%

22.0%

22.3%

22.6%

23.1%

23.3%

23.4%

$75,000 or more

na

15.6%

19.8%

22.8%

23.5%

24.5%

25.6%

26.8%

27.9%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: US Census Bureau.

na An “na” reference in the table means the data is not available.

1 2005-2019 data is sourced from the American Community Survey and therefore total population may differ from other tables; 2000 data is sourced from the decennial census survey.

Foreign-born population

 

2000

2005

2010

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total population (in thousands) 1

281,422

288,378

309,350

318,857

321,419

323,128

325,719

327,167

328,240

Native-born

250,314

252,688

269,394

276,465

278,128

279,388

281,193

282,439

283,307

Foreign-born

31,108

35,690

39,956

42,392

43,290

43,739

44,526

44,729

44,933

Foreign-born; naturalized

12,543

14,968

17,476

19,985

20,697

21,238

21,949

22,630

23,183

Foreign-born; not a US citizen

18,565

20,722

22,480

22,407

22,593

22,501

22,577

22,099

21,750

Foreign-born demographics (in thousands) 1

31,108

35,690

39,956

42,392

43,290

43,739

44,526

44,729

44,933

White

na

46.7%

47.9%

47.5%

47.0%

46.1%

45.5%

45.5%

45.2%

Black/African American

na

7.6%

8.3%

8.7%

8.9%

9.0%

9.3%

9.5%

9.7%

Asian

na

23.5%

24.5%

26.2%

26.6%

26.6%

27.1%

27.1%

27.2%

Hispanic

na

47.0%

47.1%

45.7%

45.0%

44.9%

44.3%

44.3%

44.2%

Non-Hispanic, White only

na

20.9%

18.8%

18.1%

18.1%

18.1%

17.9%

17.7%

17.4%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Median age (years)

na

39.3

41.4

43.5

43.9

44.4

44.8

45.2

45.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Educational attainment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Population 25 years and over (in thousands)

na

29,252

33,626

36,746

37,721

38,176

38,945

39,257

39,554

Less than high school graduate

na

32.4%

31.7%

29.9%

29.3%

28.8%

27.5%

26.9%

26.3%

High school graduate

na

22.8%

22.5%

22.7%

22.5%

22.4%

22.7%

22.3%

22.3%

Some college or associate’s degree

na

18.1%

18.8%

18.9%

18.7%

18.7%

18.8%

18.9%

18.7%

Bachelor’s degree

na

15.7%

15.9%

16.5%

17.0%

17.2%

17.6%

18.1%

18.5%

Graduate or professional degree

na

11.0%

11.1%

12.0%

12.4%

12.8%

13.4%

13.9%

14.2%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Population 16 years and over (in thousands)

na

na

37,718

40,440

41,366

41,770

42,498

42,723

42,884

In labor force

na

na

67.7%

66.3%

66.0%

66.2%

66.1%

66.5%

66.9%

Civilian labor force

na

na

67.6%

66.1%

65.8%

66.0%

66.0%

66.4%

66.7%

Employed

na

na

60.7%

61.9%

62.2%

62.7%

63.0%

63.7%

64.3%

Unemployed

na

na

6.9%

4.2%

3.6%

3.3%

3.0%

2.7%

2.4%

Armed forces

na

na

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.2%

Not in labor force

na

na

32.3%

33.7%

34.0%

33.8%

33.9%