Order of business definition

The “order of business” is the structured sequence a legislative body uses to conduct its official work during a session. It establishes the schedule and procedural steps for introducing legislation, debating bills, voting, committee reports, and taking other official actions.

The order of business ensures that proceedings are organized, predictable, and compliant with each chamber’s rules and precedents. The exact order is governed by the body's standing rules, precedents, and daily leadership decisions.

What is the order of business in the House of Representatives?

The US House of Representatives order of business is a structured daily sequence established in House rules, though House leadership frequently modifies it with special rules adopted by the House.

What does a standard legislative day in the House typically include?

1. Prayer and pledge of allegiance

The session begins with a prayer from the House Chaplain or a guest, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance.

2. Approval of the journal

Reps approve the official record of the previous day’s proceedings.

3. One-minute speeches

Reps have an opportunity to speak briefly on the topic of their choice.

4. Introduction and referral of bills and resolutions

Legislation is formally introduced and sent to committees.

5. Committee reports

Committees report legislation or other matters to the House floor.

6. Morning hour debate (optional)

Reps may give longer speeches on legislation, policy, or public issues of their choosing

7. Legislative business

Reps debate and vote on bills, resolutions, amendments, and motions.

8. Special orders

Reps can speak for extended periods after legislative business ends.

9. Adjournment

The House formally ends the legislative day.

What is the order of business in the Senate?

Senate rules have more flexibility than the House. It has a traditional order of business described in Senate Rule VII but frequently departs from that order through unanimous consent or leadership negotiation, so its order of business is often customized.

What does a typical order of business look like in the Senate?

1. Prayer and pledge of allegiance

The Senate session begins with a prayer from the Senate Chaplain or a guest chaplain, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance.

2. Approval of the journal

Senators approve the official record of proceedings from the previous legislative day.

3. Morning business

Senators may deliver speeches, introduce legislation, submit committee reports, and present communications from the President or executive agencies.

4. Legislative calendar business

Senators debate, amend, and vote on bills, resolutions, and other legislative measures.

5. Executive business

Senators consider, debate, and vote on presidential nominations and treaties.

6. Adjournment or recess

The Senate formally ends or pauses the legislative day.