How many troops are deployed in the Middle East and surrounding region?

In the past year, the United States’ military presence has changed in and around the Middle East, most recently with the deployment of 3,500 troops from North Carolina’s Fort Bragg in response to an early January drone strike in Iraq that killed Iran’s top military leader.

That adds to the thousands of troops already in the region. But exactly how many Americans are currently deployed to the region?

In short, the data to fully answer this question isn’t available, though based on available government data and documents, there may be over 80,000 military personnel in the region.

As of June 2019, there were approximately 60,000 to 80,000 troops in the region, according to the Department of Defense. But as noted in a report this month from the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service: “Precise figures of deployed U.S. personnel are difficult to determine due to unit rotations in and out of a given theater.”

Since 2008, the Pentagon has published where military and civilian personnel are. That information was released quarterly starting in December 2013 .

In 2017, the Department of Defense stopped providing military deployment figures for Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. The official deployment data also does not include troops that are “deployed in support of contingency operations,” according to the Department of Defense’s latest reports.

Outside of official military operations, however, Defense Department data does show a personnel decrease in other countries in the region. In September 2008, the US military had 76,000 employees stationed across six nations: Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. These employees made up 16% of the 484,000 US military personnel stationed abroad. By September 2019, there were just under 10,000 total in these countries, or about 4% of all military personnel overseas.

The Defense Department’s annual budget requests fill in some of the blanks regarding Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria as the documents weigh budget requests against previous and anticipated troop levels. The latest budget request, published in March 2019, estimated the average number of troops between October 2018 and September 2019 in Afghanistan (12,000), Iraq and Syria (both 5,800), and support troops nearby (60,000).

These projections were made before significant events. Among them are a series of incidents involving Iran, including protests at the US Embassy in Baghdad in December and the drone strike against Iranian General Qasem Soleimani in January. The next data quarterly release will show personnel levels as of December 2019. The data may reflect some of the deployments to the region since the fall, including 3,5000 forces sent to the area following a September 14 drone attack on a Saudi Arabian oilfield, of which Iran denied involvement. In addition to military personnel data, foreign aid data also shows US investment in the region.

While the Pentagon’s quarterly personnel data reports and foreign aid data may not show the full scale of involvement in the region, it does serve as a starting point for understanding the priorities of the administration.

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A previous version of this article included a chart entitled "US foreign aid obligations in the Middle East" that excluded some countries in the region. Visit the "Foreign aid obligation" page for up-to-date data.

Sources

DoD Personnel, Workforce Reports & Publications

US Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Request

Congressional Research Service: Department of Defense Contractor and Troop Levels in Afghanistan and Iraq: 2007-2018

Congressional Research Service: Department of Defense Contractor and Troop Levels in Afghanistan and Iraq: 2007-2018

USAID Foreign Aid Explorer