How many people are laid off in the United States each month?
Updated monthly
About 1.85 million in October 2025. This includes all terminations of employment by an employer — called layoffs and discharges — such as permanent layoffs, temporary layoffs, and terminations because of mergers, downsizing, closings, or employee performance.
1.85M
people were laid off or discharged in October 2025
17.4M
layoffs and discharges in 2025 so far
Layoffs are a constant in the US labor market — from 2001 to 2019, there were more than 20 million a year. Increases in layoffs often reflect recessions or other economic disruption. For example, March and April 2020 saw record-setting layoffs and discharges because of COVID-19. So far in 2025 (January through October), layoffs and discharges total 17.4 million, which is 3.6% higher than the same period in 2024.
Layoffs were 3.6% higher by October 2025 than by October 2024.
Cumulative monthly layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted
What is the layoff and discharge rate?
Another way to consider this data is to look at the layoff and discharge rate. This puts layoffs in the context of the total number of people working and shows the percentage of employed people laid off during the given time period. This rate allows for better comparisons across time, industries, and places by adjusting for differences in the size of the working population.
In October 2025, 1.2% of employed people were laid off or discharged. This was higher than the average over the previous 12 months (1.1%).
The monthly layoff and discharge rate was 1.2% in October 2025.
Monthly (seasonally adjusted) and 12-month rolling average layoff and discharge rates, December 2000–October 2025
A 12-month rolling average smooths out short-term fluctuations and clarifies long-term trends. Aside from a recession-related uptick in 2008 and 2009, the 12-month rolling average layoff rate trended downward from 1.6% in 2001 to 1.2% immediately prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. It reached a record high of 2.4% in 2020 from pandemic-related layoffs before falling to a record low 0.9% in 2021 and 2022. The rate was 1.1% for January–December 2024.
What industries have the highest and lowest layoff rates?
The layoff and discharge rate varies across industries, which experience different economic pressures and are dependent on different types of workers or technologies. In October 2025, the rate was highest in the leisure/hospitality industry (2.2%) and was lowest in government (0.4%).
The layoff and discharge rate was highest in the Leisure/hospitality in October 2025.
October 2025 (seasonally adjusted) and October 2022–September 2025 average average layoff and discharge rates, by industry
The October 2025 layoff and discharge rates in construction, financial activities, mining and logging, other services, and wholesale trade were all lower than the three-year average (October 2022–September 2025) in each. Rates exceeded the 3-year average in the information, leisure and hospitality, manufacturing, private education and health services, professional and business services, and retail trade industries.
What states have the highest and lowest layoff rates?
Layoffs and discharges also differ across states for many reasons, including the economic vitality and the industry profile of the region. In August 2025, rates ranged from 0.7% in California and Washington, DC to 2.1% in Connecticut.
The August 2025 layoff and discharge rate was highest in Connecticut.
Seasonally adjusted layoff and discharge rate, August 2025
Layoffs
In October 2025, the job openings rate was highest in Leisure and hospitality.
Layoff and discharge rate, by state (August 2025)
| 1. | Connecticut | 2.1% |
| 2. | Rhode Island | 1.9% |
| 3. | Maine | 1.7% |
| 4. | New Hampshire | 1.7% |
| 5. | New York | 1.7% |
| 6. | Nevada | 1.6% |
| 7. | North Dakota | 1.6% |
| 8. | Vermont | 1.6% |
| 9. | Alaska | 1.5% |
| 10. | Montana | 1.5% |
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Methodology
USAFacts standardizes data, in areas such as time and demographics, to make it easier to understand and compare.
The analysis was generated with the help of AI and reviewed by USAFacts for accuracy.
Page sources
USAFacts endeavors to share the most up-to-date information available. We sourced the data on this page directly from government agencies; however, the intervals at which agencies publish updated data vary.
